Maternal Consumption of Pshycoactive Substances, a Risk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.317Keywords:
Substance-related disorders, growth and development, pregnancy, child development, motor skillsAbstract
Introduction. The consumption of psychoactive substances in pregnant women has become a public health problem due to the consequences that it causes not only in the mother as a consumer, but also in the product of pregnancy. Likewise, the use of these substances can be associated with some alterations in the neurological development identified in childhood, such as behavioral disorders (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder), cognitive disorders and sensorimotor disturbances.
Objective. To carry out an exhaustive systematic review of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders associated with maternal consumption of psychoactive substances.
Methods. A search of the scientific literature of articles that talk about the neurodevelopmental disorders associated with the maternal consumption of psychoactive substances during pregnancy and published in indexed journals in the last 10 years, with cutoff date on June, 2021, was conducted in the PubMed, ClinicalKey and ScienceDirect databases.
Results. 357 articles distributed as follows were identified: 170 in PubMed, 150 in ScienceDirect and 37 in ClincialKey. Due to exclusion criteria, 318 were eliminated, remaining 39 articles for full reading: (18 from PubMed, 12 from ClinicalKey and 9 from ScienceDirect). Of these, 32 were excluded because they are systematic
reviews, since they are not primary studies and the review was intended to be done on studies of this type; for not
having a control group, and for having outcomes not related with the PICO question, remaining finally seven
articles for quality evaluation, in which the authors agree that the consumption of psychoactive substances by the mother during pregnancy constitutes a risk factor for the development of the children.
Conclusions. The selected studies, although they were heterogeneous, allowed us to identify the existing relationship between the consumption of psychoactive substances in pregnant women and the neurodevelopmental disorders in their children. However, it is recommended to continue doing primary studies that allow us to obtain more scientific evidence related to the subject or systematic reviews that include studies with the same methodological design.
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