Changes in body composition in patients with ischemic disease undergoing phase II cardiac rehabilitation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.v31n2a5Keywords:
Ischemic heart disease, cardiac rehabilitation, body composition, electrical impedance, cardiovascular risk factorsAbstract
Introduction. Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality in Colombia; therefore, cardiac rehabilitation services play a fundamental role in secondary prevention. Overweight and obesity are factors that can be intervened by body composition through electrical bioimpedance to discriminate the total body water, extracellular water, lean body mass, fat mass and visceral fat, the latter parameter being one of the predictors of new cardiovascular events.
Objective. To analyze changes in body composition in patients with ischemic disease.
Materials and methods: Retrospective analytical study conducted on 34 patients diagnosed with ischemic heart disease, who attended in person phase II cardiac rehabilitation at the Central Military Hospital (Hospital Militar Central) in Bogota, Colombia, between August 3, 2020 and August 4, 2021. A probabilistic sampling was applied.
Results. The median age of the participants was 58 years and the majority of them were men (88.2%). Regarding the anthropometric measurements, the initial median weight was 69.3 kg and the final was 68.7 kg (p=0.025); the initial median of the body mass index (BMI) was 26.3 kg/m2 and the final, 26.1 kg/m2 (p=0.003); the initial median abdominal perimeter was 91.5 cm and the final was 89.5 cm (p=0.000), and the initial median hip circumference was 98.5 cm and the final, 94 cm (p=0.000). In the body composition it was found that the fat mass decreased: the median went from 7.3 kg/m2 to 6.0 kg/m2 (p=0.002), as well as the visceral fat, whose median went from 3.4 L to 3.1 L (p=0.003). The median physical capacity increased from 7.2 METs to 10.4 METs (p=0.000).
Conclusion. The patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease who attended cardiac rehabilitation at the Central Military Hospital presented statistically significant changes between admission and the end of the program in weight, BMI, abdominal and hip circumference, fat mass, visceral fat, and physical capacity.
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