Compromiso, secuelas y rehabilitación del Sistema Nervioso Central debido a infección por Coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.v30spa9Palabras clave:
Sistema Nervioso Central, rehabilitación, Covid-19, pandemia, ataque cerebrovascular, cefalea.Resumen
La infección por coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 desde su aparición en 2019, se ha manifestado con el compromiso multiorgánico y con la consecuente necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinario que incluye a varios profesionales de la salud para la intervención aguda, la estabilización del paciente, la exploración neurológica y el proceso de rehabilitación. En conjunto las manifestaciones neurológicas, respiratorias y cardiovasculares son causa de discapacidad, alteración en la funcionalidad, de la participación y del entorno social en los pacientes con infección por Sars-CoV-2, por lo que requieren de una rehabilitación temprana como también de programas diseñados en torno a la pandemia y al compromiso neurológico, con el fin de prevenir complicaciones tempranas. Estas son razones por las que la presente revisión narrativa tiene como fin describir los principales compromisos del sistema nervioso central así como las secuelas neurológicas, basados en la búsqueda y referencia de diferentes tipos de artículos publicados hasta la fecha.
Referencias bibliográficas
1. Zhou P, Yang X Lou, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature [Internet]. 2020;579(7798):270–273. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
2. Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2019;17(3):181–192. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
3. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Sars-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med [Internet]. 2020;8(5):475–481. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
4. Huang X, Wei F, Hu L, Wen L, Chen K. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Covid-19. Arch Iran Med [Internet]. 2020;23(4):268–271. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.09
5. Anupama N, Kini RD, Vishnu Sharma M, Bhagyalaksmi K, Nayanatara AK, Shetty S, et al. Effect of exercise on oxygen saturation and heart rate in healthy young adults of different body mass index. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2016;7(5):594–597. Disponible en: https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-exercise-on-oxygen-saturation-andheart-rate-in-healthy
6. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the Covid-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS ChemNeurosci. 2020;11(7):995–998. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122
7. De Felice FG, Tovar-Moll F, Moll J, Muñoz, DP, Ferrera ST. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) and the Central Nervous System. Trends in Neurosciences, 2020;43(6):355-357. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tins.2020.04.004
8. Abboud H, Abboud FZ, Kharbouch H, Arkha Y, El Abbadi N, El Ouahabi A. Covid- 9 and Sars- Cov-2 infection: pathophysiology and clinical effects on the ner vous system. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:49-53. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.193
9. Ferrarese C, Silani V, Priori A, Galimberti S, Agostoni E, Monaco S, et al. An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective obser vational study on neurological manifestations of Covid-19 (NEUROCOVID). Neurol Sci. 2020;41:1355-1359. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1
10. Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, Nguyen Q, Zhong J-C, Turner, AJ, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: Sars-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1456-1474. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.317015
11. Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of Covid- 9: A literature review. J Clin Neuroscience. 2020;77:8-12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017
12. Ng Kee Kwong KC, Mehta PR, Shukla G, Mehta AR. Covid-19, Sars and MERS: A neurological perspective. J Clin Neuroscience. 2020;77:13-16. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.124
13. Saavedra C. Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SarsCOV-2/COVID 19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud. Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia. Infectio. ACIN. 2020;24(3):S1. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.22354/in.v24i3.851
14. Hongn KH, Lee SW, Kim TS, Huh HJ, Lee J, Kim SY, et al. Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Korea. Ann Lab Med. 2020; 40: 351-360. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.351
15. Chu H, W Chan JF, T Yuen TT, Shuai H, Yuan S, Wang Y, et al. Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of Sars-Co.-2 and Sars-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of Covid-19: an observational study. Lancet Microbe 2020;1:e14–23. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2666-5247(20)30004-5
16. Berger JR. Covid-19 and the nervous system. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(2):143- 48. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00840-5
17. Scullen T, Keen J, Mathkour M, Dumont AS, Kahn L. Covid-19 associated encephalopathies and cerebrovascular disease: the New Orleans experience. World Neurosurg. 2020;S1878-8750(20):31163-3. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.192
18. Munhoz RP, Pedroso JL, Nascimento FA, Almeida SM, Barsottini OG, Cardoso FE, et al. Neurological complications in patients with Sars-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020;78(5):290-300. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200051
19. Hess DC, Eldahshan W, Rutkowski E. Covid-19-Related Stroke. Transl. Stroke Res. 2020;11:322-325. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-020-00818-9.
20. Wang J, Hajizadeh N, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Veress LA, et al. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Treatment for Covid-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Series. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1752-1755. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14828
21. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al. Covid-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:115-119. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2020.04.077https
22. Khosravani H, Rajendram P, Notario L, Chapman MG, Menon BK. Protected Code Stroke: Hyperacute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic. Stroke. 2020; 51(6):1891-1895.
23. Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following Covid-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020;5(3):279-284. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431
24. Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chang YC. Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2005;14(3): 113-119. PMID: 16252612. Disponible en: http://www.ant-tnsjournal.com/Mag_Files/14-3/14-3_p113.pdf
25. Carod-Artal FJ. Complicaciones neurológicas por coronavirus y Covid-19. Rev Neurol. 2020;70(9):311-322. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.7009.2020179
26. Hemphill JC. Disorders of Consciousness in Systemic Diseases. En: A Josephson & Aminoff M, editors. Aminoff’s Neurology and General Medicine. 5th. ed. Londres: Elsevier-Academic Press; 2014. p. 1243-1261. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-03031-1
27. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):683-690. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
28. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7352. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7352
29. Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. Covid-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology. 2020;2986(2):e119-e120.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187
30. Matías-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Montero-Escribano P, Gomez-Iglesias P, Porta-Etessam J, MatiasGuiu JA. Should we expect neurological symptoms in the Sars-CoV-2 epidemic? Neurología (English Edition). 2020;35(3):170-175. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.03.002
31. Barzegar M, Mirmosayyeb O, Ghajarzadeh M, Nehzat N, Vaheb S, Shaygannejad V, et al. Characteristics of Covid-19 disease in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;45:102276. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102276
32. Borges do Nascimento IJ, Cacic N, Abdulazeem HM, Von Groote TC, Jayarajah U, Weerasekara I, et al. Novel coronavirus infection (Covid-19) in humans: A scoping review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):941. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040941
33. Zhang X, Cai H, Hu J, Lian J, Gu J, Zhang S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of Sars-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:81-87. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.040
34. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;38(1):1-211. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1091
35. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd. ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1-211. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417738202
36. Belvis R. Headaches During Covid-19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature. Headache. 2020;60(7):1422-1426. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13841
37. Bolay H, Gül, A, Baykan B. Covid-19 is a Real Headache!. Headache. 2020;60(7)8:1415-1421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13856
38. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the Sars coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426:450–454. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02145
39. MaassenVanDenBrink A, De Vries T, Jan Danser AH. Headache medication and the Covid-19 pandemic. J Headache Pain. 2020;21:38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01106-5
40. Kuroda N. Epilepsy and Covid-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;108:107122. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.yebeh.2020.107122
41. Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of Covid-19: A literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77: 8-12. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jocn.2020.05.017
42. Boldrini P, Bernetti A, Fiore P. SIMFER Executive Committee, SIMFER Committee for International Affairs. Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PMR) physicians´activities in Italy. An official document of the ItalianPRM Society (SIMFER). Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020:56(3):316-318. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06256-5
43. Phillips M, Turner-Stokes L, Wade D , Walton K, British Society of Rehabilitation Medicine[BSRM]. Rehabilitation in the wake of Covid-19- A phoenix from the ashes [Internet]. Londres: BSRM; 2020;abril 27 [citado 2020 julio 20]. Issue 1. Disponible en: https://www.bsrm.org.uk/downloads/covid-19bsrmissue1-published-27-4-2020.pdf
44. Greenhalgh T, Wherton J, Shaw S, Morrison C. Video consultations for Covid-19. BMJ.2020;368:m998. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m998
45. Barsom EZ, Feenstra TM, Bemelman WA, Bonjer JH, Schijven MP. Coping with Covid-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practice. Nat Med. 2020;26(5):632-634. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0845-0h
46. Khan F, Amatya B. Medical Rehabilitation in Pandemics: Towards a New Perspective. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(4):jrm00043. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-267
47. Carda S, Invernizzi M, Bavikatte G, Bensmaïl D, Bianchi F, Deltombe T, et al. The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the Covid-19 pandemic: The clinician’s view. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;abril 18:S1877-0657(20)30076-2. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.001
48. Carda S, Invernizzi M, Bavikatte G, Bensmaïl D, Bianchi F, Deltombe T, et al. Covid-19 pandemic. What should PMR specialist do? A clinican´s perspective.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;56(4):515-524. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06317-0
49. Sheehy LM. Considerations for Postacute Rehabilitation for Survivors of Covid-19. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19462. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/19462
50. Lew H, Oh-Park M, Cifu D. The War on Covid-19 Pandemic: Role of Rehabilitation Professionals and Hospit als. AmJ Phys Med Rehabil. 2020; 99(7):571-572. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FPHM.0000000000001460
51. Appleton RTD, Kinsella J, Quasim T. The incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndromes: A systematic review. J Intensive Care Soc. 2015;16(2):126-136. Disponible en
https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143714563016
52. Felten-Barentsz KM, Van Oorsouw R, Klooster E, Koenders N, Driehuis F, Hulzebos EHJ, et al. Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With Covid-19. Phys Ther. 2020;100(9):1444-1457. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa114
53. Iannaccone S, Castellazzi P, Tettamanti A, Houdayer E, Brugliera L, de Blasio F, et al. Role of Rehabilitation Department for Adult Individuals With Covid-19: The Experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(9):1656-1661. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.015
54. Acosta M, Ariza M, Arribas A, Blázquez T, Fernández H, Gómez C, et al. Guía clínica de intervención de terapia ocupacional en pacientes con Covid-19 [Internet]. Madrid: Colegio Profesional de Terapeutas Ocupacionales de la Comunidad de Madrid [COPTOCAM]; 2020 [citado 2020 mayo 15]. Disponible en: https://coptocam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Guía-clínica-de-TO-covid-19-.pdf
55. Díaz EL, Talero P, Faustino MY, Guzmán OB, Rodríguez FE. Lineamientos del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional para la rehabilitación hospitalaria de usuarios con Covid-19 . Rev Ocup Hum. 2020;20(1):146-62. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.25214/25907816.952
56. Yu P, Wei Q, He C. Early rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-2019: More benefits
than risks. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;99(6):468-469. Disponible en:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FPHM.0000000000001445h
57. Aoyagi Y, Ohashi M, Funahashi R, Otaka Y, Saitoh E.Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and aspirationpneumonia following coronavirus disease 2019: A Case report. Dysphagia. 2020;35(4):545-548. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00455-020-10140-z
58. Frajkova Z, Tedla M, Tedlova E, Suchankova M, Geneid A. Postintubation dysphagia during Covid-19 Outbreak-Contemporary review. Dysphagia. 2020;35(4):549-557. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10139-6h
59. Sará JE, Hernández O, Ramírez LE, Restrepo D. Pacientes con trastorno de la deglución después de ventilación mecánica y traqueostomía, resultados del manejo con terapia deglutoria en UCI: «serie de casos». Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo. 2015;15(3):215-219. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2015.06.004
60. Rogers J.P, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak T.A, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated withsevere coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the Covid-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611-627. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0
61. Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Mavigner M, Gumber S, Burke M, Habib J, et al. Long-term alterations in brain and behavior after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant macaques. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2534. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16320-7
62. Yubero R. Valoración cognitiva y afectiva en el anciano. En: P Abizanda & L Rodríguez, editores. Tratado de Medicina Geriátrica. 2a. ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2020. p. 342-352. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.com/books/tratado-de-medicina-
geriatrica/abizanda-soler/978-84-9113-298-1
63. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec JF, Langenbahn D, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(8):1681-1692. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024
2. Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2019;17(3):181–192. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-018-0118-9
3. Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Sars-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med [Internet]. 2020;8(5):475–481. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
4. Huang X, Wei F, Hu L, Wen L, Chen K. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Covid-19. Arch Iran Med [Internet]. 2020;23(4):268–271. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.09
5. Anupama N, Kini RD, Vishnu Sharma M, Bhagyalaksmi K, Nayanatara AK, Shetty S, et al. Effect of exercise on oxygen saturation and heart rate in healthy young adults of different body mass index. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2016;7(5):594–597. Disponible en: https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-exercise-on-oxygen-saturation-andheart-rate-in-healthy
6. Baig AM, Khaleeq A, Ali U, Syeda H. Evidence of the Covid-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms. ACS ChemNeurosci. 2020;11(7):995–998. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00122
7. De Felice FG, Tovar-Moll F, Moll J, Muñoz, DP, Ferrera ST. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) and the Central Nervous System. Trends in Neurosciences, 2020;43(6):355-357. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tins.2020.04.004
8. Abboud H, Abboud FZ, Kharbouch H, Arkha Y, El Abbadi N, El Ouahabi A. Covid- 9 and Sars- Cov-2 infection: pathophysiology and clinical effects on the ner vous system. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:49-53. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.193
9. Ferrarese C, Silani V, Priori A, Galimberti S, Agostoni E, Monaco S, et al. An Italian multicenter retrospective-prospective obser vational study on neurological manifestations of Covid-19 (NEUROCOVID). Neurol Sci. 2020;41:1355-1359. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-020-04450-1
10. Gheblawi M, Wang K, Viveiros A, Nguyen Q, Zhong J-C, Turner, AJ, et al. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: Sars-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2. Circ Res. 2020;126(10):1456-1474. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.120.317015
11. Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of Covid- 9: A literature review. J Clin Neuroscience. 2020;77:8-12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.05.017
12. Ng Kee Kwong KC, Mehta PR, Shukla G, Mehta AR. Covid-19, Sars and MERS: A neurological perspective. J Clin Neuroscience. 2020;77:13-16. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.124
13. Saavedra C. Consenso colombiano de atención, diagnóstico y manejo de la infección por SarsCOV-2/COVID 19 en establecimientos de atención de la salud. Recomendaciones basadas en consenso de expertos e informadas en la evidencia. Infectio. ACIN. 2020;24(3):S1. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.22354/in.v24i3.851
14. Hongn KH, Lee SW, Kim TS, Huh HJ, Lee J, Kim SY, et al. Guidelines for Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Korea. Ann Lab Med. 2020; 40: 351-360. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.5.351
15. Chu H, W Chan JF, T Yuen TT, Shuai H, Yuan S, Wang Y, et al. Comparative tropism, replication kinetics, and cell damage profiling of Sars-Co.-2 and Sars-CoV with implications for clinical manifestations, transmissibility, and laboratory studies of Covid-19: an observational study. Lancet Microbe 2020;1:e14–23. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS2666-5247(20)30004-5
16. Berger JR. Covid-19 and the nervous system. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(2):143- 48. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00840-5
17. Scullen T, Keen J, Mathkour M, Dumont AS, Kahn L. Covid-19 associated encephalopathies and cerebrovascular disease: the New Orleans experience. World Neurosurg. 2020;S1878-8750(20):31163-3. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.192
18. Munhoz RP, Pedroso JL, Nascimento FA, Almeida SM, Barsottini OG, Cardoso FE, et al. Neurological complications in patients with Sars-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020;78(5):290-300. Disponible en:
https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20200051
19. Hess DC, Eldahshan W, Rutkowski E. Covid-19-Related Stroke. Transl. Stroke Res. 2020;11:322-325. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-020-00818-9.
20. Wang J, Hajizadeh N, Moore EE, McIntyre RC, Moore PK, Veress LA, et al. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) Treatment for Covid-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Case Series. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1752-1755. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.14828
21. Avula A, Nalleballe K, Narula N, Sapozhnikov S, Dandu V, Toom S, et al. Covid-19 presenting as stroke. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:115-119. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbi.2020.04.077https
22. Khosravani H, Rajendram P, Notario L, Chapman MG, Menon BK. Protected Code Stroke: Hyperacute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic. Stroke. 2020; 51(6):1891-1895.
23. Li Y, Li M, Wang M, Zhou Y, Chang J, Xian Y, et al. Acute cerebrovascular disease following Covid-19: a single center, retrospective, observational study. Stroke Vasc Neurol. 2020;5(3):279-284. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2020-000431
24. Tsai LK, Hsieh ST, Chang YC. Neurological manifestations in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2005;14(3): 113-119. PMID: 16252612. Disponible en: http://www.ant-tnsjournal.com/Mag_Files/14-3/14-3_p113.pdf
25. Carod-Artal FJ. Complicaciones neurológicas por coronavirus y Covid-19. Rev Neurol. 2020;70(9):311-322. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.33588/rn.7009.2020179
26. Hemphill JC. Disorders of Consciousness in Systemic Diseases. En: A Josephson & Aminoff M, editors. Aminoff’s Neurology and General Medicine. 5th. ed. Londres: Elsevier-Academic Press; 2014. p. 1243-1261. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-03031-1
27. Mao L, Jin H, Wang M, Hu Y, Chen S, He Q, et al. Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):683-690. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
28. Filatov A, Sharma P, Hindi F, Espinosa PS. Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19): Encephalopathy. Cureus. 2020;12(3):e7352. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.7352
29. Poyiadji N, Shahin G, Noujaim D, Stone M, Patel S, Griffith B. Covid-19–associated Acute Hemorrhagic Necrotizing Encephalopathy: Imaging Features. Radiology. 2020;2986(2):e119-e120.Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020201187
30. Matías-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Montero-Escribano P, Gomez-Iglesias P, Porta-Etessam J, MatiasGuiu JA. Should we expect neurological symptoms in the Sars-CoV-2 epidemic? Neurología (English Edition). 2020;35(3):170-175. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrleng.2020.03.002
31. Barzegar M, Mirmosayyeb O, Ghajarzadeh M, Nehzat N, Vaheb S, Shaygannejad V, et al. Characteristics of Covid-19 disease in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;45:102276. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102276
32. Borges do Nascimento IJ, Cacic N, Abdulazeem HM, Von Groote TC, Jayarajah U, Weerasekara I, et al. Novel coronavirus infection (Covid-19) in humans: A scoping review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020;9(4):941. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9040941
33. Zhang X, Cai H, Hu J, Lian J, Gu J, Zhang S, et al. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics of cases of Sars-CoV-2 infection with abnormal imaging findings. Int J Infect Dis. 2020;94:81-87. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.040
34. Chen T, Wu D, Chen H, Yan W, Yang D, Chen G, et al. Clinical characteristics of 113 deceased patients with coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;38(1):1-211. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1091
35. Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd. ed. Cephalalgia. 2018;38:1-211. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0333102417738202
36. Belvis R. Headaches During Covid-19: My Clinical Case and Review of the Literature. Headache. 2020;60(7):1422-1426. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13841
37. Bolay H, Gül, A, Baykan B. Covid-19 is a Real Headache!. Headache. 2020;60(7)8:1415-1421. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/head.13856
38. Li W, Moore MJ, Vasilieva N, Sui J, Wong SK, Berne MA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is a functional receptor for the Sars coronavirus. Nature. 2003;426:450–454. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02145
39. MaassenVanDenBrink A, De Vries T, Jan Danser AH. Headache medication and the Covid-19 pandemic. J Headache Pain. 2020;21:38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-020-01106-5
40. Kuroda N. Epilepsy and Covid-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;108:107122. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.yebeh.2020.107122
41. Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of Covid-19: A literature review. J Clin Neurosci. 2020;77: 8-12. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jocn.2020.05.017
42. Boldrini P, Bernetti A, Fiore P. SIMFER Executive Committee, SIMFER Committee for International Affairs. Impact of Covid-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PMR) physicians´activities in Italy. An official document of the ItalianPRM Society (SIMFER). Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020:56(3):316-318. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06256-5
43. Phillips M, Turner-Stokes L, Wade D , Walton K, British Society of Rehabilitation Medicine[BSRM]. Rehabilitation in the wake of Covid-19- A phoenix from the ashes [Internet]. Londres: BSRM; 2020;abril 27 [citado 2020 julio 20]. Issue 1. Disponible en: https://www.bsrm.org.uk/downloads/covid-19bsrmissue1-published-27-4-2020.pdf
44. Greenhalgh T, Wherton J, Shaw S, Morrison C. Video consultations for Covid-19. BMJ.2020;368:m998. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m998
45. Barsom EZ, Feenstra TM, Bemelman WA, Bonjer JH, Schijven MP. Coping with Covid-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practice. Nat Med. 2020;26(5):632-634. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0845-0h
46. Khan F, Amatya B. Medical Rehabilitation in Pandemics: Towards a New Perspective. J Rehabil Med. 2020;52(4):jrm00043. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2340/16501977-267
47. Carda S, Invernizzi M, Bavikatte G, Bensmaïl D, Bianchi F, Deltombe T, et al. The role of physical and rehabilitation medicine in the Covid-19 pandemic: The clinician’s view. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;abril 18:S1877-0657(20)30076-2. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.04.001
48. Carda S, Invernizzi M, Bavikatte G, Bensmaïl D, Bianchi F, Deltombe T, et al. Covid-19 pandemic. What should PMR specialist do? A clinican´s perspective.Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2020;56(4):515-524. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.20.06317-0
49. Sheehy LM. Considerations for Postacute Rehabilitation for Survivors of Covid-19. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2020;6(2):e19462. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2196/19462
50. Lew H, Oh-Park M, Cifu D. The War on Covid-19 Pandemic: Role of Rehabilitation Professionals and Hospit als. AmJ Phys Med Rehabil. 2020; 99(7):571-572. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FPHM.0000000000001460
51. Appleton RTD, Kinsella J, Quasim T. The incidence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness syndromes: A systematic review. J Intensive Care Soc. 2015;16(2):126-136. Disponible en
https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143714563016
52. Felten-Barentsz KM, Van Oorsouw R, Klooster E, Koenders N, Driehuis F, Hulzebos EHJ, et al. Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With Covid-19. Phys Ther. 2020;100(9):1444-1457. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa114
53. Iannaccone S, Castellazzi P, Tettamanti A, Houdayer E, Brugliera L, de Blasio F, et al. Role of Rehabilitation Department for Adult Individuals With Covid-19: The Experience of the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101(9):1656-1661. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.05.015
54. Acosta M, Ariza M, Arribas A, Blázquez T, Fernández H, Gómez C, et al. Guía clínica de intervención de terapia ocupacional en pacientes con Covid-19 [Internet]. Madrid: Colegio Profesional de Terapeutas Ocupacionales de la Comunidad de Madrid [COPTOCAM]; 2020 [citado 2020 mayo 15]. Disponible en: https://coptocam.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Guía-clínica-de-TO-covid-19-.pdf
55. Díaz EL, Talero P, Faustino MY, Guzmán OB, Rodríguez FE. Lineamientos del Colegio Colombiano de Terapia Ocupacional para la rehabilitación hospitalaria de usuarios con Covid-19 . Rev Ocup Hum. 2020;20(1):146-62. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.25214/25907816.952
56. Yu P, Wei Q, He C. Early rehabilitation for critically ill patients with COVID-2019: More benefits
than risks. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;99(6):468-469. Disponible en:
https://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2FPHM.0000000000001445h
57. Aoyagi Y, Ohashi M, Funahashi R, Otaka Y, Saitoh E.Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and aspirationpneumonia following coronavirus disease 2019: A Case report. Dysphagia. 2020;35(4):545-548. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00455-020-10140-z
58. Frajkova Z, Tedla M, Tedlova E, Suchankova M, Geneid A. Postintubation dysphagia during Covid-19 Outbreak-Contemporary review. Dysphagia. 2020;35(4):549-557. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-020-10139-6h
59. Sará JE, Hernández O, Ramírez LE, Restrepo D. Pacientes con trastorno de la deglución después de ventilación mecánica y traqueostomía, resultados del manejo con terapia deglutoria en UCI: «serie de casos». Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo. 2015;15(3):215-219. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acci.2015.06.004
60. Rogers J.P, Chesney E, Oliver D, Pollak T.A, McGuire P, Fusar-Poli P, et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated withsevere coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the Covid-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(7):611-627. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0
61. Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Mavigner M, Gumber S, Burke M, Habib J, et al. Long-term alterations in brain and behavior after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant macaques. Nat Commun. 2020;11:2534. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16320-7
62. Yubero R. Valoración cognitiva y afectiva en el anciano. En: P Abizanda & L Rodríguez, editores. Tratado de Medicina Geriátrica. 2a. ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2020. p. 342-352. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.com/books/tratado-de-medicina-
geriatrica/abizanda-soler/978-84-9113-298-1
63. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec JF, Langenbahn D, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, et al. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(8):1681-1692. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.024
Cómo citar
1.
Vásquez Fernandez LF, González Zambrano IM, Florián Rodríguez ML, Parra Correa D, Rivera Ramos AM, García Hernández LX, et al. Compromiso, secuelas y rehabilitación del Sistema Nervioso Central debido a infección por Coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2 (Covid-19). Rev. Colomb. Med. Fis. Rehabil. [Internet]. 2 de septiembre de 2020 [citado 18 de abril de 2024];30(Supl):107-29. Disponible en: https://revistacmfr.org/index.php/rcmfr/article/view/260
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Descargas
Publicado
2020-09-02
Número
Sección
Revisión sistemática
