International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries: the 2019 ASIA classification

Frankel HL, Hancock DO, Hyslop G, Melzak J, Michaelis LS, Ungar GH, et al. The value of postural reduction in the initial management of closed injuries of the spine with paraplegia and tetraplegia. Paraplegia. 1969;7(3):179–192. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.1969.30

Lucas JT, Ducker TB. Motor classification of spinal cord injuries with mobility, morbidity and recovery indices. Am Surg. 1979;45(3):151–158. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/434614/

Chehrazi B, Wagner FC Jr, Collins WF Jr, Freeman DH Jr. A scale for evaluation of spinal cord injury. J Neurosurg. 1981;54(3):310–315. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1981.54.3.0310

American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA]. History [Internet]. Richmond (VA, USA): ASIA; 2022 [citado 2022 julio 31]. Dionible en: https://asia-spinalinjury.org/about/history/

Kirshblum S, Waring W III. Updates for the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2014;25(3):505–517, vii. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2014.04.001

Rupp R, Biering-Sørensen F, Burns SP, Graves DE, Guest J, Jones L, et al. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: Revised 2019. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2021;27(2):1–22. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.46292/sci2702-1

Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, Donovan W, Graves DE, Jha A, et al. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (Revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med. 2011;34(6):535-546. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1179/204577211X13207446293695

ASIA and ISCoS International Standards Committee. The 2019 revision of the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI)—what’s new? Spinal Cord. 2019;57(10):815–817. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-019-0350-9

Rupp R, Schuld C, Biering-Sørensen F, Walden K, Rodriguez G, Kirshblum S, et al. A taxonomy for consistent handling of conditions not related to the spinal cord injury (SCI) in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI (ISNCSCI). Spinal Cord. 2022;60(1):18–29. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00646-0

Kirshblum S, Schmidt Read M, Rupp R. Classification challenges of the 2019 revised International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI). Spinal Cord. 2022;60:11–17. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00648-y

American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA]. International Standards for Neurological Classi- fication of SCI (ISNCSCI) Worksheet [Internet].Richmon (VA, USA): ASIA; 2022 [citado 2022 agosto 10]. Disponible en: https://asia-spinalinjury.org/international-standards-neurological-classification-sci-isncsci-worksheet/

Kramer JLK, Lammertse DP, Schubert M, Curt A, Steeves JD. Relationship between motor recovery and independence after sensorimotor-complete cervical spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26(9): 1064–1071. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/1545968312447306

Steeves JD, Kramer JK, Fawcett JW, Cragg J, Lammertse DP, Blight AR, et al. Extent of spontaneous motor recovery after traumatic cervical sensorimotor complete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2011;49(2):257–265. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2010.99

Wilson JR, Cadotte DW, Fehlings MG. Clinical predictors of neurological outcome, functional status, and survival after traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review. J Neurosurg Spine. 2012;17(Suppl. 1):11–26. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.aospine1245

Zörner B, Blanckenhorn WU, Dietz V, EM-SCI Study Group, Curt A. Clinical algorithm for improved prediction of ambulation and patient stratification after incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma. 2010;27(1):241–252. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2009.0901

Pavese C, Bachmann LM, Schubert M, Curt A, Mehnert U, Schneider MP, et al. Bowel Outcome Prediction After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Longitudinal Cohort Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2019;33(11): 902–910. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1177/1545968319868722

Collins GS, Reitsma JB, Altman DG, Moons KGM. Transparent Reporting of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis (TRIPOD): The TRIPOD Statement. BMC Med. 2015;67:1142–1151. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0241-z

Hodel J, Stucki G, Prodinger B. The potential of prediction models of functioning remains to be fully exploited: A scoping review in the field of spinal cord injury rehabilitation. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;139:177–190. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.07.015

Ortiz Corredor F, Rincón Roncancio M, Mendoza-Pulido JC. Texto de medicina física y rehabilitación. Bogotá: Editorial Manual Moderno; 2016. Disponible en: https://colombia.manualmoderno.com/texto-de-medicina-fa-sica-y-rehabilitacia-n-9789588993034-9789588993041.html

Khorasanizadeh M, Yousefifard M, Eskian M, Lu Y, Chalangari M, Harrop JS, et al. Neurological recovery following traumatic spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Spine. 2019;30(5):683–699. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.3171/2018.10.SPINE18802

Furlan JC, Fehlings MG, Tator CH, Davis AM. Motor and sensory assessment of patients in clinical trials for pharmacological therapy of acute spinal cord injury: psychometric properties of the ASIA Standards. J Neurotrauma. 2008;25(11):1273–1301. Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2008.0617

Pavese C, Schneider MP, Schubert M, Curt A, Scivoletto G, Finazzi-Agrò E, et al. Prediction of Bladder Outcomes after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. PLoS