Rehabilitación basada en ejercicio físico en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.28957/rcmfr.413Palabras clave:
Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, ejercicio físico, rehabilitaciónResumen
Introducción. La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad degenerativa del sistema nervioso en la cual las neuronas motoras se desgastan y mueren, lo que se manifiesta con la aparición de debilidad muscular progresiva, espasmos e incapacidad para mover los brazos, las piernas y, finalmente, todo el cuerpo. Los estándares de cuidado para pacientes con ELA recomiendan atención multidisciplinaria que incluya intervenciones de rehabilitación. El ejercicio físico ha sido utilizado para su tratamiento; sin embargo, existen pocas recomendaciones específicas respecto a su prescripción.
Desarrollo. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura disponible respecto a la rehabilitación basada en ejercicio físico en pacientes con ELA. Se describen los efectos de los diferentes tipos de ejercicio, los parámetros de prescripción, los aspectos de seguridad de la intervención y las recomendaciones específicas de las guías de práctica clínica y los documentos de consenso. La mejor evidencia disponible indica que el ejercicio físico terapéutico en sus diferentes modalidades produce efectos positivos o neutros en las medidas de desenlace y no se asocia a eventos adversos serios.
Conclusión. La rehabilitación basada en ejercicio físico puede ser una intervención factible, tolerable, segura y efectiva para disminuir el deterioro de la funcionalidad y la calidad de vida en pacientes con ELA.
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